Al-Wajeez In Explaining The Maxims Of Islamic Law

(Alwajiz Fi Sharah Alqawaeid Alfaqhia)

The book “The Sheikh's authored by in the year 1418 AH - 1997 AD, in which he explained an explanation of one hundred jurisprudential maxims, explaining the meaning of each maxim, its origins, and the legal evidence for it, with adequate and applied examples.

The book is 248 pages long and has been printed by the Resala Foundation, Publishers, many times.

The 100 Maxims Dealt With In The Book :

First Maxim

الأمور بمقاصدها

Matters are determined according to intention

The Second Maxim

العبرة في العقود للمقاصد والمعاني لا للألفاظ والمباني

Contract is the Intention and Meanings, and Not the Words and Phrases

The Third Maxim

الأصل في الكلام الحقيقة

The origin of the word is the truth

Fourth Maxim

إذا تعذرت الحقيقة يُصار إلى المجاز

If the truth is not possible, it becomes a metaphor

Fifth Maxim

إعمال الكلام أولى من إهماله

Giving effect to a word has priority over neglecting it

Sixth Maxim

لا يُنسب إلى ساكتٍ قول ولكن السكوت في معرض الحاجة بيان

No utterance shall be imputed to a silent person ,but silence in case of necessity is pronouncement.

The Seventh Maxim

لا عبرة بالدلالة في مقابلة التصريح

Indication shall not be taken into considerationin collation with explicitness

Eighth Maxim

ذكر بعض ما لا يتجزأ كذكر كله

Mention of psrt of an indivisible thtng is as mention of the whole.

Ninth Maxim

المطلق يجري على إطلاقه ما لم يقم دليل التقييد نصاً أو دلالة

What is absolute shall be deemed as such unless there is a restricting proof by text or deduced argument

The Tenth Maxim

لا مساغ للاجتهاد في مورد النَّص

There is no room for ijtihad where there is a (decisive) text

The Eleventh Maxim

الاجتهاد لا ينقض بمثله

The ijtihad shall not be revoked by a similitude

Twelfth Maxim

اليقين لا يزول بالشك

Certainty shall not be warded off by doubt.

Thirteenth Maxim

الأصل براءة الذمة

The basic principle is freedom from liability

Fourteenth Maxim

الأصل بقاء ما كان على ما كان

The basic principle is what has once existed is (deemed) as persisted.

The Fifteenth Maxim

ما ثبت بزمان يحكم ببقائه ما لم يقم الدليل على خلافه

What is proven at one time shall continue unless there is a contrary clue

Sixteenth Maxim

الأصل في الصفات العارضة العدم

The original state of accidental attributes is non-existence

The Seventeenth Maxim

الأصل إضافة الحادث إلى أقرب أوقاته

The basic principle is to ascribe the event to the nearest time of occurrence

Eighteenth Maxim

القديم يترك على قدمه

The old shall be deemed old

Nineteenth Maxim

الضرر لا يكون قديماً

Harm is not justified by being old

The Twenty Maxim

المشقة تجلب التيسير

Hardship begets ease.

The Twenty First Maxim

إذا ضاق الأمر اتسع

If the matter narrowed, it expanded

The Twenty-Second Maxim

الضرورات تبيح المحظورات

Necessities render prohibited things permissible

The Twenty-Third Maxim

الضرورات تقدر بقدرها

Necessities are estimated by the extent thereof

The Twenty-Fourth Maxim

الحاجة تنزل منزلة الضرورة عامة أو خاصة

Need is ranked as necessity, be it public or private

The Twenty-Fifth Maxim

ما جاز لعذر بطل بزواله

What is permitted for a reason is annulled once that reason is non–existent

The Twenty-Sixth Maxim

إذا زال المانع عاد الممنوع

When what forbids no longer exists , What is forbidden shall return

The Twenty Seventh Maxim

الإضطرار لا يبطل حق الغير

Pressing necessity shall not annul the right of another

The Twenty-Eighth Maxim

ما حرم أخذه حرم إعطاؤه

What is prohibited to take, is prohibited to give

The Twenty-Ninth Maxim

ما حرم فعله حرم طلبه

What is prohibited to do is prohibited to demand

The Thirty Maxim

لا ضرر ولا ضرار

No harm shall be met by harm

The Thirty-First Maxim

الضرر يزال

Harm shall be warded off

The Thirty-Second Maxim

الضرر لايزال بمثله

Harm shall not be warded off by similitude harm

  The Thirty Three Maxim

الضرر يدفع بقدر الإمكان

Harm shall be warded off as much as possible

The Thirty Fourth Maxim

يتحمل الضرر الخاص لدفع الضرر العام

Private harm shall be tolerated to dispel public harm

The Thirty-Fifth Maxim

الضرر الأشد يزال بالضرر الأخف

A severe harm shall be removed by a lesser harm

The Thirty-Sixth Maxim

إذا تعارضت مفسدتان روعي أعظمها ضرراً بارتكاب أخفهما

When greater and lesser banes are in incompatibility , the lesser shall be committed

The Thirty Seven Maxim

يُختار أهون الشرين

The lesser of two evils shall be chosen

The Thirty-Eighth Maxim

درء المفاسد أولى من جلب المصالح

Repelling banes is better than securing benefits

The Thirty Ninth Maxim

العادة محكمة

Custom is an Arbitrator

Forty Maxim

لا ينكر تغير الأحكام بتغير الأزمان

Change of judgements shall not be denied by change of times

The Forty-First Maxim

الممتنع عادة كالممتنع حقيقة

What is impossible by custom is impossible in truth

Forty-Second Maxim

العبرة للغالب الشائع لا للنادر

Consideration is given to the commonly predominant, not to the rare

The Forty-Third Maxim

إذا تعارض المانع والمقتضي يقدم المانع

When the preclusive and the necessitated conflict ,preference shall be given to the preclusive

Forty-Fourth Maxim

التابع تابع

The appurtenant is deemed appurtenant

The Forty-Fifth Maxim

التابع لا يفرد بالحكم

What follows shall not be judged separately

The Forty Sixth Maxim

يقبل قول المترجم مطلقاً

The interpreter’s words shall be absolutely acceptable

The Forty Seven Maxim

من ملك شيئاً ملك ما هو من ضروراته

The owner of a thing shall be the owner of what

The Forty-Eighth Maxim

إذا سقط الأصل سقط الفرع

When the origin is invalid, the derivative shall be invalid too

The Forty-Ninth Maxim

قد يثبت الفرع مع عدم ثبوت الأصل

The derivative may be validated though the origin is invalidated

The Fifty Maxim

السَّاقط لا يعود كما أن المعدوم لا يعود

What is waived cannot be restored, nor can a non-existent

The Fifty-First Maxim

إذا بطل الشيء بطل ما في ضمنه

When something is void that which is implied within shall be void

The Fifty-Second Maxim

إذا بطل الأصل يُصار إلى البدل

When the root becomes void, a substitue shall be sought

The Fifty-Third Maxim

التصرف على الرعية منوط بالمصلحة

Disposition of people is contingent upon interest

The Fifty-Fourth Maxim

الولاية الخاصة أقوى من الولاية العامة

Exclusive jurisdiction is of greater strength than public jurisdiction

The Fifty-Fifth Maxim

دليل الشيء في الأمور الباطنة يقوم مقامه

In indiscernible matters, evidence of the thing stands in for it.

The Fifty Sixth Maxim

لا عبرة بالظن البيّن خطؤه

The apparently erroneous suspposition is not to be taken into consideration

The Fifty-Seventh Maxim

لا حجة مع الاحتمال الناشئ عن دليل

There is no convincing argument with a possibility based on evidence

The Fifty-Eighth Maxim

لا عبرة للتوهم

Delusion is of no consideration

The Fifty-Ninth Maxim

الثابت بالبرهان كالثابت بالعيان

What is established by evidence is like that established by seeing

Sixty Maxim

البينة على المدعي واليمين على من أنكر

Evidence is for him who claims, the oath is for him who denies

Sixty-First Maxim

البينة لإثبات خلاف الظاهر واليمين لإبقاء الأصل

Evidence is to prove what is not evident and an oath to affirm the original state

Sixty-Second Maxim

البينة حجة متعدية والإقرار حجة قاصرة

Evidence is an adequate proof and admission is an inadequate proof

Sixty-Third Maxim

لا حجة مع التناقض, ولكن لا يختل معه حكم الحاكم

There is no convincing argument in case of contradiction ,but the ruling of the judge shall not be undermined

Sixty-Fourth Maxim

الخراج بالضمان

Yield is guaranteed

The Sixty-Fifth Maxim

الأجر والضمان لا يجتمعان

Payment of hire and liability to compensation are mutually exclusive

Sixty-Sixth Maxim

الجواز الشرعي ينافي الضمان

Religious permissibility excludes liability for compensation

The Sixty-Seventh Maxim

الغرم بالغنم

Gain entails loss

The Sixty-Eighth Maxim

إذا اجتمع المباشر والمتسبب يضاف الحكم إلى المباشر

When a perpetrator and a causer (person involved as an indirect cause) coincide, the judgment shall fall on the perpetrator

The Sixty-Ninth Maxim

المباشر ضامن وإن لم يتعمد

The perpetrator is liable albeit no premediation

The Seventy Maxim

المتسبب لا يضمن إلا بالتعمد

The perpetrator is liable albeit no premediation

The Seventy-First Maxim

يضاف الفعل إلى الفاعل لا إلى الآمر ما لم يكن مجبراً

An action shall be ascribed to its 'actant 'not to the commander unless coerced

The Seventy-Second Maxim

لا يجوز لأحد أن يتصرف في ملك الغير بلا إذنه

No one may dispose of the property of another without the latter’s permission

The Seventy-Third Maxim

الأمر بالتصرف في ملك الغير باطل

Order to dispose of the property of another is null and void

The Seventy-Fourth Maxim

تبدل سبب الملك قائماً مقام تبدل الذات

A change in the cause of ownership of a thing entails a change of that thing

The Seventy-Fifth Maxim

جناية العجماء جبار

The beast’s harm is squander

The Seventy-Sixth Maxim

من استعجل الشيء قبل أوانه عوقب بحرمانه

Whoever hastily acquires a thing before its due time is penalized by being proscribed of it

The Seventy-Seventh Maxim

من سعى في نقض ما تم من جهته فسعيه مردود عليه

Whoever endeavors to invalidate what has been enacted at his instigation, his endeavor shall recoil on him

The Seventy-Eighth Maxim

الحدود تُدرأ بالشبهات

Punishments are averted by doubtful matters

The Seventy-Ninth Maxim

إذا اجتمع الحلال والحرام غلب الحرام

When the religiously lawful and the prohibited coincide ,the prohibited shall be dominant

The Eighty Maxim

الأصل في الإبضاع التحريم

Pudenda is essentially prohibited

The Eighty-First Maxim

الأصل في الأشياء الإباحة

Permissibility is the original state

The Eighty-Second Maxim

ما لا يتم الواجب إلا به فهو واجب

Anything fulfilling an obligation is an obligation

The Eighty-Third Maxim

الخروج من الخلاف مستحب

Settlement of discord is desirable

The Eighty-Fourth Maxim

الميسور لا يسقط بالمعسور

The easy thing shall not be waived by the difficult thing

The Eighty-Fifth Maxim

لا يجوز لأحد أن يأخذ مال أحد إلا بسبب شرعي

No one shall be permitted to take another's property without a lawful reason

The Eighty Sixth Maxim

ليس لعرق ظالم حق

No unjust planter has right

The Eighty-Seventh Maxim

على اليد ما أخذت حتى تؤديه

What has been taken must be handed

The Eighty-Eighth Maxim

الإسلام يَجبُّ ما قبله

Islam obliterates all (wrong doings) prior to it

The Eighty-Nine Maxim

الأصل في المضار التحريم

The Basic Principle: whatever is harmful is prohibited

Ninety Maxim

الإيثار في القُرَب مكروه وفي غيرها محبوب

Altruism in pious deeds (or worship) is undesirable ,elsewhere desirable

The Ninety-First Maxim

إذا اجتمع أمران من جنس واحد ولم يختلف مقصودهما دخل أحدهما في الآخر

When two matters of one sort and with similar intents coincide, on suffices

The Ninety-Second Maxim

يغتفر في البقاء ما لا يغتفر في الإبتداء

What shall be absolved in continuance shall not be absolved in commencement

The Ninety-Third Maxim

لا يتم التبرع إلا بالقبض

No donation unless received

The Ninety-Fourth Maxim

السؤال معاد في الجواب

The question is reiterated in the reply

The Ninety-Fifth Maxim

الإشارة المعهودة للأخرس كالبيان باللسان

The known sign of a dumb person is tantamount to verbal utterance

The Ninety-Sixth Maxim

المرء مؤاخذ بإقراره

One is judged by his acknowledgement

The Ninety-Seventh Maxim

المواعيد بصور التعليق تكون لازمة

When promises take a conditional form, they shall be binding

The Ninety-Eighth Maxim

الوصف في الحاضر لغو

Description in presence (of a visible thing) is vain

The Ninety-Ninth Maxim

للأكثر حكم الكل

The most is (ranked) as the whole

The 100th Maxim

المجهول في الشريعة كالمعدوم والمعجوز عنه .

The unknown in Islamic law is as the Non-existent and the impossible to know